Labor Market Returns to Vocational Secondary Education
利用芬兰集中招生制度产生的断点，研究发现进入职业高中能提高早期收入，且该优势至少持续到35岁左右，不会增加从事易被自动化或离岸外包替代工作的风险。
We study labor market returns to vocational versus general secondary education using a regression discontinuity design created by the centralized admissions process in Finland. Admission to the vocational track increases initial annual income, and this benefit persists at least through the mid-thirties, and present discount value calculations suggest that it is unlikely that life cycle returns will turn negative through retirement. Moreover, admission to the vocational track does not increase the likelihood of working in jobs at risk of replacement by automation or offshoring. Consistent with comparative advantage, we observe larger returns for people who express a preference for vocational education.