Enron and the California Energy Crisis: The Role of Networks in Enabling Organizational Corruption
通过安然公司在加州能源危机中的历史，提出“网络促成腐败”概念，揭示单一主导组织的腐败如何依赖其他组织的支持，并利用数字档案（电话和邮件记录）还原难以观察的现象。
We provide an analytically structured history of Enron's involvement in the California energy crisis, exploring its emergence as a corrupt organization and its use of an interorganizational network to manipulate California's energy supply markets. We use this history to introduce the concept of network-enabled corruption, showing how corruption, even if primarily enacted by a single dominant organization, is often highly dependent on the support of other organizations. Specifically, we show how Enron combined resources from partner firms with its own capabilities, manipulating the energy market and capitalizing on the crisis. From a methodological point of view, our study emphasizes the growing importance of digital sources for historical research, drawing particularly on telephone and email records from the period to develop a rich, fly-on-the-wall understanding of a phenomenon that is otherwise hard to observe.