Judgment of Volunteer Competence among Service Professionals: Stereotypes or Skills?
通过一项对817名养老院专业人员的实验，研究发现仅仅提示专业人员想到公民参与服务生产，就会引发对志愿者能力的负面判断，且这种判断主要源于对志愿者能力的刻板印象，而非任务类型。
Abstract While public service professionals may rely on stereotypes and social categories in exercising who gets what, when and how in clientelist citizen‐state interactions, it remains unclear whether negative judgments similarly pervade in settings where citizens help produce–rather than consume–public services. We propose that service professionals judge volunteers as incompetent based on (1) a lack of the skills necessary to solve specific tasks, and/or (2) negative stereotypes toward volunteers as a means of shielding the privileged position of the profession or safeguarding the quality of services. Using an experiment among 817 nursing home professionals, negative judgments of volunteer competence were invoked simply by priming professionals to think of citizens volunteering in service production. The effect, however, is not conditional on the type of task (complementary vs. core) solved by volunteers, suggesting that judgments of competence mainly stem from stereotypes of volunteer (in)competence in assisting with service production.