Conducting and Evaluating Multilevel Studies: Recommendations, Resources, and a Checklist
为开展或评估多层次研究的学者提供建议、工具、资源和清单，重点介绍两层嵌套设计（如个体嵌套于团队）及自上而下效应的估计方法。
Multilevel methods allow researchers to investigate relationships that expand across levels (e.g., individuals, teams, and organizations). The popularity of these methods for studying organizational phenomena has increased in recent decades. Methodologists have examined how these methods work under different conditions, providing an empirical base for making sound decisions when using these methods. In this article, we provide recommendations, tools, resources, and a checklist that can be useful for scholars involved in conducting or assessing multilevel studies. The focus of our article is on two-level designs, in which Level-1 entities are neatly nested within Level-2 entities, and top-down effects are estimated. However, some of our recommendations are also applicable to more complex multilevel designs.