The evolving impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gender inequality in the US labor market: The COVID motherhood penalty
利用当前人口调查数据至2020年底，研究发现有学龄儿童女性的就业率和工时差距扩大，归因于额外育儿责任，即“COVID母亲惩罚”。
Abstract We explore whether COVID‐19 disproportionately affected women in the labor market using Current Population Survey data through the end of 2020. We find that male–female gaps in the employment‐to‐population ratio and hours worked for women with school‐age children have widened but not for those with younger children. Triple‐difference estimates are consistent with most of the reductions observed for women with school‐age children being attributable to additional childcare responsibilities (the “COVID motherhood penalty”). Conducting decompositions, we find women had a greater likelihood to telework, higher education levels and a less‐impacted occupational distribution, which all contributed to lessening negative impacts relative to men.