The effect of unavailable donation opportunities on donation choice
研究发现，在捐赠决策中加入一个无法参与的募捐活动信息，反而能提高人们对其他可参与活动的捐赠率，甚至比增加一个可选项更有效，其机制是让捐赠者觉得自己的捐赠对剩余事业影响更大。
Abstract In the context of charitable donation decisions, we demonstrate that adding information to the decision context about a fundraising campaign one cannot act on (i.e., an unavailable alternative) increases donations for the remaining, available campaign. At times, adding an unavailable alternative is even more effective at increasing the donation rate than adding an available alternative to the choice set, contradicting the normative assumption that having more options is better. We find preliminary evidence suggesting that the effect is driven by perceived impact—adding an unavailable alternative leads consumers to believe their donation will have a greater impact on the remaining cause. This investigation contributes to the consumer prosocial behavior literature by demonstrating the positive effect of unavailable alternatives on donation choice and identifying its extent and determinants. Future directions and practical implications for fundraising managers are discussed.