Age heaping and its discontents: A response to Baten, Benati, and Ferber
本文回应Baten等人的批评，重申19世纪意大利人口普查数据存在异常，年龄堆积不能简单视为算术能力指标，并证明自身结论稳健。
Abstract This note is a rejoinder to Baten, Benati, and Ferber. We reiterate that, on close inspection, nineteenth‐century Italian census data contain a number of anomalies that sit uncomfortably with a straightforward age‐heaping‐as‐numeracy interpretation. In particular, we respond to Baten, Benati, and Ferber on the technical matters they have raised; then we show that our findings are robust to such criticism. Finally, we conclude with some general reflections on age heaping as a numeracy indicator.