Access to health care and mental health—Evidence from the ACA preexisting conditions provision
利用2007-2017年收入动态面板数据，采用双重差分法评估ACA既往病史条款对心理健康的影响，发现该政策使有既往病史者的严重心理困扰降低1.44个百分点，且效果主要由未设立高风险池的州驱动，女性改善更明显。
This study evaluates the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) preexisting conditions provision on mental health. The 2014 policy ensured individuals with preexisting health conditions the right to obtain insurance coverage. Using longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics between 2007 and 2017 and estimating difference-in-differences models, our study provides evidence that the policy reduced severe mental distress by 1.44 percentage points (baseline mean: 8.09%) among individuals with preexisting physical health conditions. Exploiting pre-ACA, state-level variation in policies providing insurance coverage options to people with preexisting conditions, we find that this improvement in mental well-being is highly associated with the presence of high-risk pools before 2014, which provided individuals with prior health conditions access to coverage. Specifically, we show that our main results are driven by individuals with preexisting health conditions living in the 16 states that did not have high-risk pools. Furthermore, gender-specific analysis shows that the reduction in mental distress is primarily observable among women. When examining potential mechanisms, our analysis provides evidence that increases in insurance coverage, reductions in healthcare expenditures, and improvements in physical health can explain the positive effects of the provision on mental well-being.