Effects of Uncertainty Visualization on Attention, Arousal, and Judgment
通过两个实验，研究了不确定性可视化如何影响注意力、认知唤醒和判断，发现可视化比文本描述更能吸引注意力并促进不确定性信息的整合，对审计师等专业人士有实际意义。
ABSTRACT Two experiments examine the effects of visualizing uncertainty on attention, cognitive arousal, and incorporation of uncertainty information into judgments. The first experiment employs psychophysiological measurements to understand how different presentations of uncertainty information influence decision making processes. Results indicate that participants attend more to uncertainty information when uncertainty is incorporated directly into a visualization. Pupillometry and eye tracking analyses indicate that participants exhibit greater attention to uncertainty information, fixate more on the bounds of uncertainty, and spend more time examining uncertainty information when uncertainty is visualized, compared to when uncertainty is depicted textually (i.e., not visually). In addition, the decisions of participants who view visualizations directly depicting uncertainty better integrate the level of uncertainty in the underlying data. The second experiment reveals that experienced auditors are more likely to appropriately use uncertainty information when it is visualized.