Alternativity as freedom: Exploring tactics of emergence in alternative forms of organizing
提出替代性不是遵循原则或实践，而是自由的问题。通过三个案例（可持续金融科技初创公司、正念冥想教师、英国小党），识别出替代性组织常被主流秩序同化的轨迹，并探讨了三种涌现策略（忍耐、萌芽、重复）如何帮助组织在现有秩序中保持自由。
This article proposes that being alternative is not a question of adhering to certain principles or applying certain practices, but rather a question of freedom. It does so by exploring three empirical cases of alternative organizing, namely the sustainable fin-tech start-up SusPens, teachers of mindfulness meditation, and the UK minor party Independents for Frome. The article first identifies a common trajectory, according to which alternative organizing usually begins with a rejection of the dominant socio-economic order. However, in seeking to increase their impact on the world, alternatives are often appropriated by the very order they were meant to depart from. On that basis, we explore how freedom can be articulated and enacted as emergent tactics that break free from this common trajectory and constitute alternativity as the ‘other’ within the existing order; in the cracks and crevasses that evade (discursive) regulation and where liberties can be taken. More specifically, we identify three emergent tactics of endurance, germination, and reiteration and discuss what they may teach us about organizing for freedom in the 21st century.