Negative Trade Shocks and Gender Inequality: Evidence from the USA
利用美国贸易调整援助数据，研究了因国际贸易失业的男女在工资和就业上的差异，发现失业前男性工资溢价31.5%，但再就业后消失，归因于工资压缩。
We study the differential post‐layoff responses in labour market outcomes for men versus women when unemployment is caused by international trade. We capitalize on the richness and unique design of two US Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) datasets to analyse gender differentials in wages and employment. Three main findings stand out from our analysis. First, the pre‐layoff wage gap between men and women who have lost their jobs due to trade and enter the TAA programme is very wide: a 31.5% premium for men, even after controlling for a series of demographic characteristics. Second, the success rate in finding employment for women who have been laid off because of trade is similar to the rate for men, with significant differences across states and sectors. Third, the pre‐layoff wage premium for men is completely eliminated upon re‐employment. However, we attribute this result to wage compression. We also document a series of gender‐related outcomes across demographic characteristics, retraining choices, geography and sectors.