Men of Science and Standards: Introducing the Metric System in Nineteenth-Century Brazil
研究了十九世纪巴西在缺乏统一标准和监管机构的情况下，科学家、工程师和统计学家通过专业网络、外交和立法推动公制系统采用的过程，直至1875年巴西签署《米制公约》。
This article addresses the question of how standards were determined and disseminated in an era before the formation of agreed upon standards or the existence of governing bodies, by examining the case of nineteenth-century Brazil. It argues that the experience in Brazil was similar to that of other nations: individuals engaged in mathematical, scientific, engineering, and statistical organizations created networks of professional societies, intertwined with international diplomacy and domestic legislators, to promote the adoption of the metric system. It analyzes the process from idea to advocacy culminating in national implementation on the eve of the 1875 International Convention of the Meter, to which Brazil was signatory.