Healthy, nudged, and wise: Experimental evidence on the role of information salience in reducing tobacco intake
在孟加拉国极端贫困农村地区，测试了两种行为干预（每日记录烟草支出和放置警示海报）对减少烟草消费的效果，发现男性吸烟者会因干预而转向更便宜的烟草，且不同人群对干预的反应有差异。
We evaluate the performance of two behavioral interventions aimed at reducing tobacco consumption in an ultra-poor rural region of Bangladesh, where conventional methods like taxes and warning labels are infeasible. The first intervention asked participants to daily log their tobacco consumption expenditure. The second intervention placed two graphic posters with warnings about the harmful effects of tobacco consumption on tobacco users and their children in the sleeping quarters of the participating households. While both interventions reduced household tobacco consumption expenditure, male participants who logged their expenditure substituted cigarettes with cheaper smokeless tobacco. The reduction in tobacco intake is larger among males with a non-tobacco consuming spouse. Exploratory analysis reveals that risk-averse males who spent relatively more on tobacco responded more to the logbook intervention. More educated, patient males with children below age five responded better to the poster intervention. The findings suggest that in countries with multi-tiered tobacco excise tax structures, which incentivize downward substitution, extending complementary demand-side policies that worked elsewhere to the rural poor might be unwise. Instead, policies may leverage something as universal as parental concern for their children's health to promote better health decision-making.