Framing effects on risk-taking behavior: evidence from a field experiment in multiple-choice tests
通过随机现场实验，研究多选题评分规则的框架变化（混合框架与损失框架）如何影响学生的答题放弃率和成绩，发现损失框架降低放弃率但未提高分数。
Abstract We exploit testing data to gain better understanding on framing effects on decision-making and performance under risk. In a randomized field experiment, we modified the framing of scoring rules for penalized multiple-choice tests. In penalized multiple-choice tests, right answers are typically framed as gains while wrong answers are framed as losses (Mixed-framing). In the Loss-framing proposed, both non-responses and wrong answers are presented in a loss domain. According to our theoretical model, we expect the change in the framing to decrease students’ non-response and to increase students’ performance. Under the Loss-framing, students’ non-response reduces by a 18%-20%. However, it fails to increase students’ scores. Indeed, our results support the possibility of impaired performance in the Loss-framing.