Does Context Outweigh Individual Characteristics in Driving Voting Behavior? Evidence from Relocations within the United States
利用2008-2018年美国选民面板数据，追踪跨州和跨县迁移的选民，发现环境因素（如投票规则、媒体）解释了37%的跨州投票率差异，而个人特征解释了63%，环境对年轻和白人选民影响更大。
We measure the overall influence of contextual versus individual factors (e.g., voting rules and media as opposed to race and education) on voter behavior, and explore underlying mechanisms. Using a US-wide voter-level panel, 2008–2018, we examine voters who relocate across state and county lines, tracking changes in registration, turnout, and party affiliation to estimate location and individual fixed effects in a value-added model. Location explains 37 percent of the cross-state variation in turnout (to 63 percent for individual characteristics) and an only slightly smaller share of variation in party affiliation. Place effects are larger for young and White voters.