Choice of Policy Instruments with Endogenous Quality: Per‐Passenger and Per‐Flight Airport Charges in Japan*
研究了按乘客和按航班两种机场收费对票价、航班频率和社会福利的不同影响，发现按乘客收费会显著提高票价并减少航班频率，而按航班收费主要减少航班频率，且最优收费类型因航线规模而异。
This study empirically investigates how two types of airport charges (per‐passenger and per‐flight) differentially affect airfares, service quality (flight frequency), and welfare. A structural model endogenizing airfares and flight frequency is estimated with data on Japanese domestic routes and then used for simulation analyses. The results reveal that per‐passenger charges significantly raise airfares, with an average pass‐through rate of 97.5 per cent, and reduce flight frequency. Per‐flight charges decrease flight frequency but have little effect on airfares. The socially preferred type of charges differs across routes: per‐passenger charges tend to be socially preferred on larger routes.