Distributional consequences of climate change impacts on residential energy demand across Italian households
研究评估了气候变化影响和碳税对意大利家庭和地区的宏观经济与分配效应，发现气候变化影响具有累退性，加剧了碳税的累退效应，且不同收入群体和地区间存在显著差异。
The paper evaluates the macroeconomic and distributional implications for Italian households and regions of both climate change impacts and a carbon tax. We use a recursive-dynamic general equilibrium model to evaluate aggregate changes in prices, income and expenditure, and a sequential arithmetic micro-simulation module to downscale them to the household level. Climate change impacts are regressive, adding to the already regressive effects of a carbon tax. Wealthy households reduce expenditure on gas and petroleum fuels the most, whereas households in the lowest deciles increase electricity expenditure relatively more. Climate and policy impacts differ significantly also within income groups, reflecting regional variations in the size of climate shocks, the prevalent climate conditions, and the energy mix. We highlight a new emerging risk related to those households that will be exposed to higher temperatures and will not be able to sustain the electricity expenditure needed for adaptation, and we emphasize the importance of accounting for the distributional consequences of climate change impacts when designing climate policies.