Can You Move to Opportunity? Evidence from the Great Migration
研究发现大迁徙期间（1940-1970）北方黑人比例上升减少了黑人家庭在北方成长的收益，可解释该地区27%的种族向上流动性差距，原因在于区位变化而非家庭负面选择。
This paper shows that racial composition shocks during the Great Migration (1940–1970) reduced the gains from growing up in the northern United States for Black families and can explain 27 percent of the region’s racial upward mobility gap today. I identify northern Black share increases by interacting pre-1940 Black migrants’ location choices with predicted southern county out-migration. Locational changes, not negative selection of families, explain lower upward mobility, with persistent segregation and increased crime and policing as plausible mechanisms. The case of the Great Migration provides a more nuanced view of moving to opportunity when destination reactions are taken into account.