The Effects of High-Skilled Immigration Policy on Firms: Evidence from Visa Lotteries
利用H-1B签证抽签的行政数据与美国企业税务及专利数据，发现中签企业每多获得一个H-1B签证会挤出约1.5名其他员工，且对创新的影响微弱。
We compare winning and losing firms in lotteries for H-1B visas, matching administrative data on these lotteries to administrative tax data on US firms and to approved US patents. Winning one additional H-1B visa crowds out about 1.5 other workers at the firm. Additional H-1Bs have insignificant and at most modest effects on firm innovation. More general evidence from the universe of US firms and the universe of H-1B visas using alternative estimation strategies is consistent with these results. Firms that hire H-1Bs grow faster and innovate more because they are different in other ways from firms that do not.