Higher education expansion and gender norms: evidence from China
研究中国1999年以来的高等教育扩张如何影响性别观念，发现扩张虽提高了男女教育水平，但女性对性别角色的平等观念反而下降，原因在于女性劳动力市场机会相对恶化，尤其对已婚女性和高性别比地区影响显著。
Abstract This paper explores whether the expansion of higher education can influence attitudes regarding gender norms. I evaluate the impact of China’s higher education expansion since 1999. The results show that the reform has significantly increased higher educational attainment for both women and men. However, women’s progressive views on gender roles are negatively affected following the expansion. The erosion of women’s egalitarian ideology can be attributed to the findings that women’s opportunities in the labor market are worsening relative to those of men. The results are significantly driven by married women and people who live in areas with a high male-to-female sex ratio. Practical conditions in the labor market and at home may adversely affect women’s ability to fulfill egalitarian gender roles.