Do Environmental Regulations Affect the Decision to Export?
研究空气质量标准这类环境法规如何影响企业出口，发现法规使受影响制造商的出口量下降32%，并增加5个百分点的停产出口概率。
This paper investigates how a common form of environmental regulation—air quality standards—affects exporters. We develop a simple theoretical model to show how the design of these standards causes (i) some firms to stop exporting and (ii) a reduction in the export volumes of affected continuing exporters. We exploit quasi-experimental variation resulting from the design of Canadian air quality standards to test these predictions empirically. Our estimates confirm our model’s predictions: we find that for the most affected manufacturers, regulation reduced export volumes by 32 percent and increased the likelihood plants stop exporting by 5 percentage points.