Gender typicality and sexual minority labour market differentials
利用美国全国青少年健康纵向调查数据，研究性别典型性（男性化/女性化程度）能否解释性少数群体与异性恋者在劳动力市场（尤其是收入）上的差异，发现控制性别典型性后差异依然存在。
Abstract Sexual minorities experience significant differences in labour market outcomes relative to comparable heterosexuals, with larger differences in earnings than in labour supply. A common explanation of these differences is that they may reflect unobserved differences in masculinity and femininity in the sexual minority population. We leverage data on personality and behaviours in the National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to test whether controlling for differences in masculinity and femininity through quantitative measures of gender typicality eliminates labour market differentials. While we find evidence that gender typicality does affect labour market outcomes of men and women on average, we find no evidence of a differential effect for gays and lesbians. Controlling for gender typicality does not affect the sexual orientation labour market differentials. The evidence suggests that existing estimates of earnings differentials are not affected by omitted variable bias due to not controlling for gender typicality.