Understanding Everyday Events: Predictive-Looking Errors Drive Memory Updating
研究通过两个实验发现，记忆引导的预测性注视错误有助于人们更好地记住日常事件中发生变化的特征，表明预测与实际的失配信号促进了新学习。
Memory-guided predictions can improve event comprehension by guiding attention and the eyes to the location where an actor is about to perform an action. But when events change, viewers may experience predictive-looking errors and need to update their memories. In two experiments ( Ns = 38 and 98), we examined the consequences of mnemonic predictive-looking errors for comprehending and remembering event changes. University students watched movies of everyday activities with actions that were repeated exactly and actions that were repeated with changed features—for example, an actor reached for a paper towel on one occasion and a dish towel on the next. Memory guidance led to predictive-looking errors that were associated with better memory for subsequently changed event features. These results indicate that retrieving recent event features can guide predictions during unfolding events and that error signals derived from mismatches between mnemonic predictions and actual events contribute to new learning.