Does restricting therapeutic antibiotics use influence efficiency of pig farms? Evidence from Denmark’s Yellow Card Initiative
研究了丹麦黄卡计划对养猪场经济效率的影响，发现短期内限制治疗性抗生素使用导致收入效率下降0.15个百分点、成本效率下降0.03个百分点，为政策制定者提供了实证参考。
Abstract In the light of increasing awareness of public health risks from livestock-sourced antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial use in animal agriculture is facing increased regulations around the world. The most recent and sophisticated addition is the Danish Yellow Card Initiative, which imposes quantity restriction on therapeutic antibiotic use. Using a panel $m$-order conditional efficiency analysis, this article provides one of the first empirical estimates of the association between the Danish Yellow Card Initiative and the economic efficiency of pig farms. The research design enables us to establish associations rather than causal relationships but the results suggest a small reduction (0.15 percentage points for the average farm) in revenue efficiency and a small reduction (0.03 percentage points) in cost efficiency in the short run after imposing restrictions to antibiotic use.