Tensions in Organizations Transforming to Agility
基于三个不同组织的案例研究，揭示了向敏捷转型过程中出现的13种张力，并通过悖论理论提供实践指导和理论贡献。
Transforming into an agile organization is challenging because it involves complex changes across the organization including changes to strategy, structure, culture, operations, and technology. Although much has been written about organizational agility, practitioners still call for authentic accounts and concrete experiences to help them understand how to transform. This article is based on three case studies of diverse organizations transforming to agility and provides an account of each transformation. Each organization chose a different focus for their transformation: culture change, strategic change, and operational change. Each organization faced challenges that resulted in tensions. We present 13 tensions from three cases, which illustrate the kinds of tension that organizations face in agile transformations. We consider these 13 tensions through the lens of paradox theory and thereby produce both practical guidance and theoretical contributions. We show how questions generated from this perspective may be used to guide transformation leaders and managers in addressing the tensions they will meet. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the tension categories in paradox theory and show that tensions occur <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">during</i> transformations to agility and not just in fully agile organizations.