Wage inequality and union membership at the establishment level: An econometric study using Norwegian data
研究了挪威私营企业内工会会员率与工资不平等之间的实证关系，发现两者呈负相关，且工会密度对工资不平等的影响取决于集体协议的存在。
Abstract We model the empirical relationship between the within-establishment union membership rate and wage inequality in Norway. The data set is a panel of 2,285 private-sector establishments observed in the period 2000–18. The statistical model represents joint feedback between wage inequality and union membership. Dynamic panel data models are estimated for different wage inequality measures, with gini as the reference measure. The results show a negative relationship between union membership and wage inequality, which is robust with respect to different inequality measures and estimation method. The strength of the relationship increases with the permanency of the shift in union membership. We find evidence that union membership is a more important explanatory variable for the lower part of the wage distribution than for the upper part. Furthermore, the impact of union density on wage inequality is conditional on the presence of a collective agreement.