Thinking outside the box, improvisation, and fast learning: Designing policy robustness to deal with what cannot be foreseen
本文从新冠疫情防控中的非计划行为（如跳出框框思考、即兴发挥和快速学习）中汲取经验，识别出设计更稳健政策的三个使能条件：协调自主、非计划响应训练和政治制度能力。
Abstract Policies are continually subjected to turbulence and crises. Interest in policy robustness as a fundamental way to deal with what cannot be foreseen is increasing. Thus, there is a flourishing stream of literature suggesting that policies need to be designed to be agile and flexible. However, the associated characteristics remain undeveloped. This article fills this gap by drawing on lessons obtained from the unplanned behaviors that were adopted in the management of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Individual and organizational behaviors characterized by outside the box thinking, improvisation, and fast learning yielded solutions to unexpected problems. In this article, some of these emblematic unplanned behaviors are assessed, and the research builds on the literature on policy robustness, crisis management, and organizational theory to identify three enabling conditions to design more robust policies: coordinated autonomy, training for unplanned responses, and political institutional capacity.