Capacity Utilization
回顾美联储如何衡量产能利用率，解释其为何仍是通胀和商业周期波动的有用指标，并分析技术变革、国际贸易增长和劳动力向服务业转移为何未显著影响其指标价值，同时提供微观理论描述并回顾相关证据。
This article reviews how the Federal Reserve measures capacity utilization and explains why capacity utilization has been, and likely will remain, a useful indicator of inflationary pressures and business cycle fluctuations. The authors also explain why economic developments, such as the pace of technological change, increased international trade, and a shift in the share of the workforce to service-producing industries, have not substantially affected the indicator value of capacity utilization. A microtheoretic description of the concept of capacity utilization is offered. Evidence on the plausibility of microeconomic structural interpretations of the relation between capacity utilization and price changes is reviewed.