Laboratory Behavior in Spot and Forward Auction Markets
通过实验室计算机化双向拍卖市场数据，比较了提前生产与按需生产两种模式，发现提前生产导致价格显著更高、交易量更低，卖家收益增加约22%。
Abstract Auctions that require advance production increase seller costs because inventories must be held. This cost does not exist in production-to-demand markets for which production follows trading, and sales exactly match quantities produced. Data from laboratory computerized double auction markets show that advance-production prices are significantly higher and quantities traded are significantly lower than they are in production-to-demand auctions. Price convergence patterns show advance-production sellers moving toward 9% higher prices and 22% greater earnings.