An ex ante economic and policy analysis of research on genetic resistance to livestock disease: trypanosomosis in Africa
对非洲锥虫病抗性研究的收益与成本进行先期经济分析，发现总收益是成本的2到9倍，实地研究回报率高于生物技术研究，且生物技术研究需与实地研究紧密配合。
This paper undertakes an ex ante economic analysis of research on how resistance to trypanosomosis-a dominant livestock disease in Africa-can be maintained and enhanced while retaining and reinforcing characteristics of economic importance to farmers, and on how 'trypanotolerance' can be imparted to susceptible animals while retaining their other important traits.The results indicate that potential benefits to research -historically field-based but increasingly biotechnology-drivenrange from two to nine times potential costs and that the internal rate of return on investments can be six times the real interest rate.Field-based research, while exhibiting lower potential benefits on aggregate than does biotechnology research, is also less costly and, because of its more immediate payback, has higher internal rates of return.Returns to biotechnology research hinge on close links with field-based research and on strategic but relatively small incremental human and capital investments.The results also suggest that further research is needed to consistently identify and track the impacts of alternative intellectual property rights (IPRs) options on the levels and distributions of biotechnology research benefits.