Universalizability and Reciprocity in International Business Ethics
批评唐纳森的国际商业伦理理论，指出其隐含的民族中心主义假设，并提出基于互惠性的改进方案，对研究跨国企业伦理的学者有参考价值。
Most writers on international business ethics adopt a universalist perspective, but the traditional expression of problems in terms of a discrepancy between (superior) home country and (inferior) host country values makes it difficult to preserve the symmetry required by a universalizability criterion. In this paper a critique of Donaldson’s (1989) theory is used to illustrate some of the ways in which ethnocentric assumptions can enter into a supposedly universalist argument. A number of suggestions are then made for improving Donaldson’s approach by careful attention to the requirement of universalizability, expressed in a contractarian theory in the form of agent symmetry or reciprocity.