ASYMPTOTIC INFERENCE ON THE MOVING AVERAGE IMPACT MATRIX IN COINTEGRATED I (2) VAR SYSTEMS
为二阶单整向量自回归过程的移动平均影响矩阵提供了渐近标准误，并用于构建Wald型检验，通过英国货币数据展示了方法的应用。
This paper provides asymptotic standard errors for the moving average (MA) impact matrix for the second differences of a vector autoregressive (VAR) process integrated of order 2, I (2). Standard errors of the row space of the MA impact matrix are also provided; bases of this row space define the common I (2) trends linear combinations. These standard errors are then used to formulate Wald-type tests. The MA impact matrix is shown to be linked to impact factors that measure the total effect of disequilibrium errors on the growth rate of the system. Most of the relevant limit distributions are Gaussian, and we report artificial regressions that can be used to calculate the estimators of the asymptotic variances. The use of the techniques proposed in the paper is illustrated on UK money data.