Jardine Matheson & Company: The Role of External Organization in a Nineteenth-Century Trading Firm
研究了怡和洋行从1832年至1885年间如何通过避免投机、建立内外部关系网络来积累声誉，从而从代理行转型为投资公司，对研究19世纪贸易公司组织演变的学者有参考价值。
Jardine Matheson & Company, a Hong Kong conglomerate founded in 1832, has survived political upheaval and global and regional economic crises, transforming itself several times. From their beginnings in the commission business, William Jardine and James Matheson developed a reputation for sound financial management that furthered their trading relationships and supported their firm's expansion from agency house to managing agent to investment house between 1832 and 1885. Fundamental to Jardine Matheson's success was the strategic decision to eschew speculation and to concentrate on building a pattern of relationships within and outside the business that would foster the flow of information, the knowledge with which to interpret it, the ability to influence others, and a reputation for probity that would attract and retain trading partners.