Gender Differences and Stereotypes in Strategic Reasoning*
通过两个选美比赛实验，发现零奖金时男性战略推理深度显著高于女性，但加入奖金后差异消失；当性别和刻板印象被凸显时，女性反而比男性推理更多轮次。
This article explores the existence and endogeneity of gender differences in strategic behaviour. We report results from two experimental studies employing the beauty contest game, one in the laboratory and one in the classroom. We observe robust and significant gender differences in observed depth of strategic reasoning in favour of men in zero‐stake situations. These differences disappear when a monetary prize is awarded. We also find that females engage in more rounds of reasoning than males when gender and stereotypes are made salient. This effect of priming is driven by females who believe women are superior in the game.