Planning system characteristics and planning effectiveness
用典型相关分析研究了规划系统的六个特征与三种有效性概念之间的关系，发现组织背景（对规划的抵制和资源投入）对有效性的影响最大，设计要素也有作用但相对次要。
Abstract The nature of the multivariate relationship between six characteristics of planning systems and three different conceptualizations of planning effectiveness is examined using canonical correlation analysis. The analysis indicates that the organizational context of planning—captured here by two key characteristics —resistance to planning and resources provided for planning— is the dominant impact on planning system effectiveness, broadly construed. While individual design elements of the planning system such as use of techniques and external orientation do influence effectiveness, the contextual dimensions appear to be overriding. Implications for further research on planning systems and directions for future extensions of this study are discussed.