Institutional strategy
提出了“制度战略”概念，描述组织通过复制或改变制度结构来影响环境的行动模式，并以加拿大法务会计行业为例，区分了会员策略和标准化策略两种类型。
The ability of organizations to strategically influence their environments has become a central concern in organizational research. In this article, I develop the concept of “institutional strategy” to describe patterns of organizational action that are directed toward managing the institutional structures within which firms compete for resources, either through the reproduction or transformation of those structures. Drawing on a study of the Canadian forensic accounting industry, I describe two types of institutional strategy: (1) membership strategies that involve the definition of rules of membership and their meaning for an institutional community; and (2) standardization strategies that are concerned with the establishment of technical, legal, or market standards that define the “normal” processes involved in the production of some good or service.