Retailers' choice of product variety and exclusive dealing under asymmetric information
研究上游制造商与下游零售商之间的垂直关系，零售商可独立获得低质量折扣替代品。分析表明，信息不对称下零售商倾向于提供两种产品，而制造商可能通过排他性交易排除低质量替代品。
This article considers vertical relations between an upstream manufacturer and a downstream retailer that can independently obtain a low-quality, discount substitute. The analysis reveals that under full information, the retailer offers both varieties if and only if it is optimal to do so under vertical integration. However, when the retailer is privately informed about demand, it offers both varieties even if under vertical integration it is profitable to offer only the manufacturer's product. If the manufacturer can impose exclusive dealing, then under asymmetric information it will do so and foreclose the low-quality substitute even if under vertical integration it is profitable to offer both varieties. Copyright (c)2008, RAND.