Industrial accumulation and living standards in the long‐run : The São Paulo industrial working class, 1930–75, Part II∗∗
基于1930年代中期至1970年代中期巴西圣保罗工业工人阶级家庭的实证数据，分析实际收入、家庭支出、食品消费和住房标准的长期趋势，发现与绝对贫困化观点相反的结果，并揭示消费结构的意外变化。
Abstract This is the second of two articles attempting to contribute to the debate on the trends in absolute real incomes amongst propertyless groups in semi‐industrialized countries. It is based on empirical data for the standard of living of industrial working‐class households in one of the principal centres of the capitalist periphery (the Brazilian city of São Paulo) between the mid‐1930s and the mid‐1970s. Evidence is presented on real earnings trends, the composition of household expenditure, food consumption, and housing standards. The results run counter to the current view of the absolute impoverishment of the great majority of the population, but also reveal unexpected changes in the composition of consumption. An attempt is made to account for the results in terms of the analytical discussion presented in Part I of this paper, which was published in the January 1983 issue of this Journal. Notes I am especially grateful to Marcelo Abreu, who has been a source of encouragement and inspiration for this piece of work over a number of years. To him, as well as to Luiz Otavio Façanha and to Celso Cruz, I owe the opportunity of a short period of collaborative work at FINEP in Rio, where a research group co‐ordinated by Celso Cruz provided the stimulus for this essay. I have also benefited from numerous discussions with Bob Rowthorn. Frances and Mario Nuti gave me the opportunity to put the piece together. Marcelo Abreu, James A. Hanson and Bryan Roberts gave me many useful comments on an earlier version of this paper. None of these individuals or the institution concerned bear any responsibility for the views or the errors which the piece contains. Faculty of Economics and King's College, Cambridge. Part I of this paper was published in the January 1983 issue of the Journal.