A new‐institutionalist perspective on ISO 14000 and Responsible Care
从新制度主义视角解释美国企业对ISO 14000冷淡而化学行业积极采用责任关怀的原因，指出企业只有在感知到可排他性收益超过成本时才会采纳超合规自愿项目，制度影响这种感知。
This paper examines why US firms are lukewarm towards ISO 14000 while the US chemical industry has enthusiastically adopted Responsible Care. It also briefly explores why European and Asian firms are eagerly adopting ISO 14000. Employing a new-institutionalist framework it argues that firms have incentives to adopt beyond-compliance voluntary programs only if they perceive excludable benefits exceeding excludable costs. Institutions, the central conceptual pillar in a new-institutionalist framework, are important in shaping perceptions of benefits and costs and the extent of their excludability. US regulators can encourage adoption of ISO 14000 by granting attorney–client privileges and enhancing levels of regulatory relief. Firms, in turn, need to appreciate the political constraints of the EPA on this issue. They could relax these constraints by addressing the apprehensions of EPA’s key constituents. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.