The Rationality and Price Effects of U.S. Department of Agriculture Forecasts of Oranges
研究美国农业部橙子产量预测的理性、信息含量及对橙汁市场的影响，发现预测无偏且有效，首次预测信息最多，后续报告仅在冻害时有价值，价格对产量公告反应显著但大部分价格变动无法由供给解释。
This article examines the effect of public information on the orange juice market. We investigate the rationality, information content, and price effects of U.S. Department of Agriculture forecasts of the production of oranges. U.S. Department of Agriculture forecasts are found to be unbiased and efficient. The first forecast contains the most new information, and subsequent reports become valuable only when freezes occur. Significant price movements occur in response to announced production in both Florida and California. However, the majority of price variations cannot be explained by these movements in supply. We are always talking about overproduction. There would not be any overproduction if we could get these oranges at a decent price to the people who … could use them. The children need them; they have so many vitamins. By keeping the price way up nobody can buy them and God knows, we get nothing for them. I sold my Valencias for 10 cents a box. I was offered 50 cents, and I thought I would hold out a little until I finally sold them for 10 cents.1