Holistic Package Design and Consumer Brand Impressions
通过七项研究识别出五种整体包装设计类型（厚重、对比、自然、精致、平淡），并给出不同品牌个性（真诚、兴奋、胜任、精致、粗犷）应匹配的设计类型建议，帮助管理者选择包装以塑造期望的品牌印象。
This article develops empirically based guidelines to assist managers in selecting or modifying package designs for achieving desired consumer responses. Seven studies identify the key types of package designs, including the factors that differentiate those package designs, and determine how these holistic designs are related to consumer brand impressions. The selection of package designs can be simplified with the use of five holistic types: massive, contrasting, natural, delicate, and nondescript designs. Sincere brands should have natural package designs, exciting brands should have contrasting designs, competent brands should have delicate designs, sophisticated brands should have natural or delicate designs, and rugged brands should have contrasting or massive designs. The authors discuss the potential trade-offs among the impressions created by holistic design types and illustrate their findings with numerous real packages.