Effects of Question Wording and Context: An Experiment With Religious Indicators
通过析因实验和多维列联分析，发现宗教问题顺序和选项措辞会改变受访者报告的兴趣变化方向，且相似选项会增强变量间的关联强度。
Abstract When a question on change in interest in religion follows questions on religious beliefs and attitudes, more respondents report either an increase or a decrease in interest (instead of 'same') than when the antecedent questions concern religious identification and participation. The association between change in interest and change in attending religious services appears stronger when the two questions have similar response categories than when somewhat different categories are used. These conclusions emerge from multiway contingency analysis of data from a survey including a factorial experiment in which context and wording of questions are varied. The models of association for a 3 × 3 table used in the analysis extend earlier work on multiplicative models for contingency tables. Key Words: Factorial experimentMultiway contingency analysisOpinion questionsQuestion order and wordingSocial indicatorsSurvey analysis