Maximal Deviation Between Sample and Population Means in Finite Populations
给出了有限总体中样本均值与总体均值在总体平均偏差、总体范围和总体均值单位下的最大偏差界限，并考虑了对称性对这些界限的影响，最后应用于比率估计量的偏差表达式。
Abstract Bounds are presented for the maximal deviation in finite populations between sample and population means in units of (a) the population mean deviation, (b) the population range, and (c) the population mean, extending previous results for the population standard deviation. The efficiency of sampling is illustrated by various sample size calculations. The effect of symmetry on these bounds is considered. An application is made, in the symmetric case, to the expression for the bias of the ratio estimator.