Engineering knowledge
通过19至20世纪初美国大学在农业、航空和化学领域的研究历史，说明大学不仅推动知识前沿，还开创了知识传播和利用的新方式，并探讨了工程知识与科学知识的区别、公私合作对大学角色变化的影响及其当代启示。
The 19th- and early 20th-century history of US university research in agriculture, aviation, and chemicals illustrates how universities assumed central roles not only in advancing the frontier of knowledge but also in pioneering new means for diffusing and exploiting this knowledge. We highlight features of the engineering knowledge of this period that distinguished it from scientific knowledge, the interplay between public and private initiatives that supported changes in the roles of universities, and the contemporary implications of this history.