Determinacy in the Linear Model: Gauss to Bose and Koopmans
本文回顾了高斯关于最小二乘法在问题不确定时无法产生唯一解的论证，并将其与20世纪关于可估计性和可识别性的讨论联系起来。
Gauss showed that least squares fails to produce a unique solution only when the problem is indeterminate. This note considers his argument and the notion of indeterminacy underlying it. It also relates the argument to twentieth-century discussions of estimability and identifiability.