Procedural justice in performance evaluation: the role of instrumental and non-instrumental voice in performance appraisal discussions
研究下属在绩效评估中的发言（工具性和非工具性）如何影响满意度及对管理者的态度，对理解程序公正有启示。
This study examined the role of subordinate voice in creating positive attitudes in the performance appraisal context. Two aspects of voice, instrumental and non-instrumental, were assessed. Both aspects of voice were related to satisfaction with the appraisal, while only non-instrumental voice had an impact on attitudes toward the manager. Implications for procedural justice and performance appraisal are discussed.