Reconsidering the Trade-off Between Expertise and Flexibility: a Cognitive Entrenchment Perspective
研究了专业知识的积累如何导致认知固化，即领域图式的高度稳定，从而降低问题解决、适应和创造性思维的灵活性，并指出任务环境和注意力焦点可以调节这种影响。
Research suggests that as one acquires domain expertise, one loses flexibility with regard to problem solving, adaptation, and creative idea generation. Here, I reconsider this trade-off between expertise and flexibility by examining the concept of cognitive entrenchment—a high level of stability in one's domain schemas. Proposing that cognitive entrenchment varies not only with expertise but also with one's task environment and attentional focus, I contend that the inflexibility-related limitations of expertise can be circumvented.