Middlemen and peasants in rice marketing in the Philippines
基于菲律宾拉古纳省的实地调查，研究了稻米从农民到消费者的营销渠道，发现中间商之间竞争激烈，几乎没有垄断或买方垄断的空间。
Abstract This paper reports the results of a field survey covering all links in the channel of rice marketing from farmers to consumers in Laguna Province, Philippines. The survey revealed a highly competitive nature of rice marketing in this area where the countless number of middlemen compete in the procurement of paddy from farmers for rice mills, leaving little room for monopoly/monopsony exercises. Intense competition was also found in wholesaling by mills to retailers as well as retailing to consumers.