In Whom We Trust: Group Membership as an Affective Context for Trust Development
探讨情感如何影响不同群体成员间的信任发展，提出情感通过认知、动机和行为路径影响人际信任，对研究跨群体合作的管理学者有参考价值。
Examining the ways in which affect impacts the trust that develops between members of dissimilar groups broadens the study of trust development.People's perceptions of their own interdependence with other groups influence both their beliefs about group members' trustworthiness and their affect for group members.I propose that this affect, in turn, influences interpersonal trust development through multiple paths: cognitive, motivational, and behavioral.Using literature on social information processing, emotion, and intergroup behavior, I elucidate the social and affective context of trust development.Interpersonal trust is an important social resource that can facilitate cooperation and enable coordinated social interactions (Blau, 1964; Coleman, 1988; Zucker, 1986).It reduces the need to monitor others' behavior, formalize procedures, and create completely specified contracts (Macauley, 1963; Powell, 1990).Because trust facilitates informal cooperation and reduces negotiation costs, it is invaluable to organizations that depend on cross-functional teams, interorganizational partnerships, temporary workgroups, and other cooperative structures to coordinate work (e.g., Creed & Miles, 1996; Powell, 1990; Ring & Van de Ven, 1994).In today's flatter organizations, jobs often require cooperation across boundaries, such as functional areas, divisions, and managementversus-union lines.People are continually asked to cross group boundaries to secure cooperation from individuals over whom they have no hierarchical control.However, it is often difficult to develop trust and cooperation across group boundaries, because people frequently perceive individuals from other groups as potential adversaries with conflicting goals, beliefs, or styles of interacting (e.g., Fiske & Ruscher, 1993; Kramer, 1991; Kramer & Messick, 1998; Sitkin & Roth, 1993).Even when there is no tension among groups, people in organizations often interact with individuals from other groups I thankfully acknowledge the suggestions and comments received from