Bank failure: a multidimensional scaling approach
研究了多维尺度分析（MDS）在预测银行失败中的应用，利用66家西班牙银行（其中29家失败）的数据，展示了MDS能生成易于解释的图形化工具来分析金融健康，且不损失统计严谨性。
Mathematical models for the prediction of company failure are by now well established. Most of the work on multivariate modelling of distress prediction attempts to obtain a score that gives the failure probability of a company. A data set of 66 Spanish banks, 29 of which failed, is used to show that multidimensional scaling (MDS) techniques can be of use to produce simple tools for the analysis of financial health. MDS has the advantage of producing pictorial representations that are easy to interpret and use. This is done without loss of statistical rigour given the very close links between MDS and other multivariate statistical techniques that are normally used in the analysis of failure. As an example, the technique is used to trace the financial path of an ailing bank.